This toolbox provided by the UnityProject has the following resources:
Petition
Downloadable Letter to School / School Boards / Elected Officials
Parent Non Consent Form
Downloadable Flyer
The Nuremberg Code was introduced in 1947 after doctors’ trial in World War II. It has served as a foundation in clinical research. This code was introduced after criminal treatment of Nazi physicians and researchers with humans during research experiments was encountered. It was devised to deal with war crimes trials in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. The Nuremberg code comprised of ten basic points related to ethics in human research.
These points included:
I – The consent of the human subject in absolute legal capacity is required.
II – The aim of the research should be to create a positive impact on society.
III – It should be based on any previously approved experiment in order to extend the ongoing research process.
IV – The research procedure should not cause any physical or mental injuries or any harm to people.
V – It should never be conducted where the risk of death of any participant or member of society is evident.
VI – The risk associated with the research process should be correlated with the benefits associated with it for social wellbeing.
VII – Proper arrangements and facilities should be arranged before conducting the research process in order to limit the risk of harm to subjects.
VIII – The researchers and staff members involved in the research should be properly trained and scientifically qualified.
IX – In case human subjects feel at risk of death or injury during an experiment, they can quit at any moment.
X – If risks in a research process become so evident that it may cause harm to human subjects, the researchers should immediately stop the process.
Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964
and amended by the:
29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975
35th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983
41st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989
48th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 1996
52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000
53rd WMA General Assembly, Washington DC, USA, October 2002 (Note of Clarification added)
55th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 2004 (Note of Clarification added)
59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 2008
64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013
Preamble
1. The World Medical Association (WMA) has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data.
The Declaration is intended to be read as a whole and each of its constituent paragraphs should be applied with consideration of all other relevant paragraphs.
2. Consistent with the mandate of the WMA, the Declaration is addressed primarily to physicians. The WMA encourages others who are involved in medical research involving human subjects to adopt these principles.
General Principles
3. The Declaration of Geneva of the WMA binds the physician with the words, “The health of my patient will be my first consideration,” and the International Code of Medical Ethics declares that, “A physician shall act in the patient’s best interest when providing medical care.”
4. It is the duty of the physician to promote and safeguard the health, well-being and rights of patients, including those who are involved in medical research. The physician’s knowledge and conscience are dedicated to the fulfilment of this duty.
5. Medical progress is based on research that ultimately must include studies involving human subjects.
6. The primary purpose of medical research involving human subjects is to understand the causes, development and effects of diseases and improve preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions (methods, procedures and treatments). Even the best proven interventions must be evaluated continually through research for their safety, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility and quality.
7. Medical research is subject to ethical standards that promote and ensure respect for all human subjects and protect their health and rights.
8. While the primary purpose of medical research is to generate new knowledge, this goal can never take precedence over the rights and interests of individual research subjects.
9. It is the duty of physicians who are involved in medical research to protect the life, health, dignity, integrity, right to self-determination, privacy, and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects. The responsibility for the protection of research subjects must always rest with the physician or other health care professionals and never with the research subjects, even though they have given consent.
10. Physicians must consider the ethical, legal and regulatory norms and standards for research involving human subjects in their own countries as well as applicable international norms and standards. No national or international ethical, legal or regulatory requirement should reduce or eliminate any of the protections for research subjects set forth in this Declaration.
11. Medical research should be conducted in a manner that minimises possible harm to the environment.
12. Medical research involving human subjects must be conducted only by individuals with the appropriate ethics and scientific education, training and qualifications. Research on patients or healthy volunteers requires the supervision of a competent and appropriately qualified physician or other health care professional.
13. Groups that are underrepresented in medical research should be provided appropriate access to participation in research.
14. Physicians who combine medical research with medical care should involve their patients in research only to the extent that this is justified by its potential preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic value and if the physician has good reason to believe that participation in the research study will not adversely affect the health of the patients who serve as research subjects.
15. Appropriate compensation and treatment for subjects who are harmed as a result of participating in research must be ensured.
Because the system is broken, built for the corruption that was profiled in Chinatown. Things haven’t changed since then.
No matter how well-intentioned the person, the institution is built for corruption. And many leaders are only there to bounce from public office to public office to serve their own ambitions and retirement accounts. Just look at the bios of our city leadership on Wikipedia. (We’re not allowed to link to them, but Google is your friend!)
All local politics should be local, but that’s not possible in LA.
We can change that. You can change that.
Here’s just a few proposals that others have suggested. There are many more we can consider.
How could this be? Because the system is built for corruption and self-permanence. City Leaders have almost absolute power, and they’re abusing it.
You may not know your city councilmember’s name, but you should know that they have nearly unlimited budgets to do what they want. The latest city budget gives each one millions in discretionary funds, unaccountable to anyone. And uncontrollable power in their district. Did you know they can shut down almost any business, prevent any permit, rip funding from charities, all just because they want to? Why?
Because the system is broken, built for the corruption that was profiled in Chinatown. Things haven’t changed since then.
No matter how well-intentioned the person, the institution is built for corruption. And many leaders are only there to bounce from public office to public office to serve their own ambitions and retirement accounts. Just look at the bios of our city leadership on Wikipedia. (We’re not allowed to link to them, but Google is your friend!)
All local politics should be local, but that’s not possible in LA.
We can change that. You can change that.
Here’s just a few proposals that others have suggested. There are many more we can consider.
a – Expand city council to match those of cities similar to our size, mandating that no one represent more than 100,000 people, and tripling its size.
b – Create a public advocate, whose sole job is promoting the public interest, not those of elected officials.
c – Create real term limits, removing the ability to “cycle back” in the same office later.
d – Build a stronger mayor’s office, and remove the unrestrained power of city council by creating laws that restrict their areas of control.
e – Re-examine the public financing system to offset the power of incumbency and force candidates to get to know their voters personally.
f – Remove the appointment power for commissions from the mayor and city council, and place it in a non-partisan, independent panel who must publicly vet each candidate in full transparency.
g – Create a Public Transparency Council, composed of Angelenos from all walks of life, not just activists and people with spare time. Their job would be to advise city leadership, bring the public to the table, and promote policies to engage the public, with a meaningful budget.
In 2022, half of city council will be up for election, and there’s an opportunity for us all to speak out. New voters will outnumber previous voters by a 2:1 margin, which means there is a tidal wave of change coming. We need to elect people who want to make local government local. We need officials willing to tell the truth. We need to change the system.
And we can have it all. Transparency and honest governing are possible. But only with your help.
We’re building the largest coalition of everyday people in Los Angeles, people who will demand change. People who will demand we put an end to corruption and throw the doors of City Hall wide open. And we need your help to make it happen.
Help us save LA.
Website: risetogether.la/
Make facts matter, and remember, it doesn’t have to be this way.
Stop supporting the United States government in their geopolitical war in Ukraine and put an end to the punitive “anti-terrorist” operation in South-eastern Ukraine that is murdering civilians
The Ukrainian government are bombing their own men, women and children, and with the full support of the US government, NATO, the EU and the UK. No ‘Press’ have been allowed to report from South Eastern Ukraine as the Ukrainian government have been detaining, expelling and shooting journalists. The European mainstream media is circulating propaganda and labeling the civilians in South-eastern Ukraine as ‘terrorists’. They are Grandfathers, Grandmothers, Fathers, Mothers, Brothers, Sisters, Aunties, Uncles and Children.
With astonishing unanimity, NATO leaders have feigned surprise at events they planned months in advance. Events that they deliberately triggered are being misrepresented as sudden, astonishing, unjustified “Russian aggression”. The United States and the European Union undertook this aggressive provocation in Ukraine and they knew this would force Russia to react defensively, one way or another. Crimeans voted for their ‘return’ to Russia in a referendum which was perfectly legal according to international law, although in violation of the Ukrainian constitution, which was by then in tatters having just been violated by the overthrow of the country’s duly elected president, Victor Yanukovych, facilitated by violent militias. goto petition site
- China 1949 to early 1960s
- Albania 1949-53
- East Germany 1950s
- Iran 1953 *
- Guatemala 1954 *
- Costa Rica mid-1950s
- Syria 1956-7
- Egypt 1957
- Indonesia 1957-8
- British Guiana 1953-64 *
- Iraq 1963 *
- North Vietnam 1945-73
- Cambodia 1955-70 *
- Laos 1958 *, 1959 *, 1960 *
- Ecuador 1960-63 *
- Congo 1960 *
- France 1965
- Brazil 1962-64 *
- Dominican Republic 1963 *
- Cuba 1959 to present
- Bolivia 1964 *
- Indonesia 1965 *
- Ghana 1966 *
- Chile 1964-73 *
- Greece 1967 *
- Costa Rica 1970-71
- Bolivia 1971 *
- Australia 1973-75 *
- Angola 1975, 1980s
- Zaire 1975
- Portugal 1974-76 *
- Jamaica 1976-80 *
- Seychelles 1979-81
- Chad 1981-82 *
- Grenada 1983 *
- South Yemen 1982-84
- Suriname 1982-84
- Fiji 1987 *
- Libya 1980s
- Nicaragua 1981-90 *
- Panama 1989 *
- Bulgaria 1990 *
- Albania 1991 *
- Iraq 1991
- Afghanistan 1980s *
- Somalia 1993
- Yugoslavia 1999-2000 *
- Ecuador 2000 *
- Afghanistan 2001 *
- Venezuela 2002 *
- Iraq 2003 *
- Haiti 2004 *
- Somalia 2007 to present
- Honduras 2009
- Libya 2011 *
- Syria 2012
- Ukraine 2014 *